Morphine vs. mutlimodal acetaminophen/oxycodone for analgesia in painful acute fracture

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2014 Oct;24(7):1305-9

Ketamine and magnesium significantly reduces morphine consumption in scoliosis patients

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014 May;58(5):572-9

Periarticular injection & intrathecal morphine provide similar pain relief after TKA

Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013 Jun;471(6):1992-9. doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-2826-9. Epub 2013 Feb 9

Long-acting morphine given after THR or TKR offers little pain relief

Pain Res Manag. 2012 Mar-Apr;17(2):83-8

FICB performed by paramedics a potential alternative to morphine in femoral fractures

J Emerg Med. 2015 May;48(5):581-9

Fascia iliaca block inferior to spinal morphine for analgesia in THA under spinal anaesthe

Anaesthesia. 2016 Dec;71(12):1431-1440

Methylnaltrexone reduces morphine side effects after orthopedic surgery

Pain Pract. 2015 Apr;15(4):348-54

Morphine following arthroscopic knee surgery provides pain relief with minimal side-effect

Arthroscopy. 2013 Aug;29(8):1450-1458

IA injection of morphine + bupivacaine vs. morphine alone for analgesia after arthroscopy

PLoS One. 2015 Oct 16;10(10):e0140512

Regional nerve blocks improve pain and function in patients with hip fracture

J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016 Dec;64(12):2433-2439

IA bupivacaine and morphine reduces pain in arthroscopic knee surgery compared to placebo

BMJ Open. 2015 Jun 15;5(6):e006815

COA 2013: Morphine is an effective analgesic after arthroscopic knee surgery

Similar pain, lower opioid consumption with addition of morphine to local multimodal cocktail in TKA

Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Oct;98(41):e17503.

AAOS 2016: No added benefit of morphine to periarticular injection for TKA

Bupivacaine vs. morphine following knee arthroscopy: comparable postoperative pain results

Orthopedics. 2013 Sep 1;36(9):e1121-7

AAOS 2015: Sublingual sufentanil advantageous over IV morphine for pain after TKA/THA

Addition of magnesium sulfate to bupivacaine prolongs onset and duration of sensory block

J Anesth. 2011 Dec;25(6):892-7. doi: 10.1007/s00540-011-1227-z. Epub 2011 Sep 18

Transdermal fentanyl patches reduce pain and morphine consumption after TKA

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014 Jul;22(7):1580-4. doi: 10.1007/s00167-012-2287-9. Epub 2012 Dec 2.

AOSSM: Morphine equally effective as bupivacaine in pain management after knee arthroscopy

Continuous infusion of bupivacaine following TKA does not improve morphine consumption

J Arthroplasty. 2013 Mar;28(3):479-84. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2012.07.016. Epub 2012 Nov 2