When clinicians and industry leaders read studies, the concern surrounding selective reporting of outcomes or the misrepresentation of data is usually not prioritized. There is a tendency to take the findings at face value. This presents problems, especially when examining systematic reviews and meta-analyses as readers are not directly exposed to the data and methods of each study and any issues with reporting or misrepresentation may not have been identified or made clear. In this OE Original Mini-Masters, we examine how outcomes can be selectively reported and how data can be misrepresented, while providing strategies on how to recognize both.

Examine the differences between a superiority trial, a non-inferiority trial and an equivalence trial.

In this OE Original, we present a meta-analysis comparing the surgical versus non-surgical treatments for Anterior Cruciate Ligament injuries.

Trials which are stopped early for benefit are becoming a more common occurrence. This OE Original examines why studies may be stopped early for benefit, as well as an in depth look at the potential dangers of doing so.

In this OE Original, we present a meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy versus physical therapy for degenerative meniscal tears.

In this OE Original, we present analytic results generated by OE M.I.N.D. platform tools for the orthopaedic subspecialty of sports medicine. An overview of the usage characteristics, available evidence profile, profile of ongoing studies and most reported characteristics of prior studies are reported.

In this OE Original, we present analytic results generated by OE M.I.N.D. platform tools for a clinical topic: PRP versus corticosteroid injection for painful shoulder conditions. An overview of the available evidence profile, meta-analysis results of head-to-head comparison, profile of ongoing studies and most reported characteristics of prior studies are reported.

In this OE Original, we present analytic results generated by OE M.I.N.D. tools for the subspecialty of arthroplasty. An overview of the usage characteristics, available evidence profile, profile of ongoing studies, most reported characteristics of prior studies and manufacturers cited in them are reported.

Choosing the appropriate method of randomization depends on factors such as sample size and the presence of covariates, and is important to ensure that randomization is done correctly. This OE Original provides a guide to understanding different methods of randomization.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injection of PRP versus a corticosteroid for patients with knee osteoarthritis.

In this OE Original, we present analytic results generated by OE M.I.N.D. tools for the subspecialty of foot & ankle. An overview of the usage characteristics, available evidence profile, profile of ongoing studies, most reported characteristics of prior studies and manufacturers cited in them are reported.]

Choosing the appropriate type of ANOVA can be difficult based on study design. This OE Original provides a guide to understanding ANOVAs and distinguishes between the different ANOVA types.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the efficacy and safety of the addition of dexmedetomidine to the usual analgesic agents (bupivacaine, levobupivacaine or ropivacaine) for femoral nerve block versus the usual femoral nerve block alone for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

We examined both new and existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of spinal vs general anesthesia for hip fracture surgeries. An extension of a previous trial reported pain, analgesic use, and patient satisfaction, which we narratively explore in this updated OE Original.

We present analytic results generated by OE M.I.N.D. tools for the subspecialty of hand & wrist. An overview of the usage characteristics, available evidence profile, profile of ongoing studies, most reported characteristics of prior studies and manufacturers cited in them are reported.

Meta-analysis has become a widespread tool used to compare outcomes between two treatments across multiple studies. While useful when comparing two treatments to one another, what would happen if we look to compare more than two interventions across multiple studies? This requires a more advanced technique called a network meta-analysis (NMA), a far more substantial undertaking than a traditional meta-analysis for pairwise (head-to-head) comparisons. In this OE Original, we will outline 3 important things you need to know about NMA.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid (HA) injection versus control for painful shoulder conditions. An overview of the profile of ongoing studies about HA for shoulder is reported.

We systematically reviewed evidence from randomized controlled trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ACL repair versus ACL reconstruction in individuals with ACL injury.