Sham-SMT is a believable sham comparator for studying effects of SMT in shoulder pain

Man Ther. 2013 Feb;18(1):60-4. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2012.07.003. Epub 2012 Aug 9

Sham thoracic SMT plausible as a comparator in studies with shoulder pain patients

Man Ther. 2015 Feb;20(1):171-5.

Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy & sham surgery similar for degenerative meniscal tear

N Engl J Med. 2013 Dec 26;369(26):2515-24. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1305189

Neurodynamic technique proves no better than sham treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009 Oct;39(10):709-23. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2009.3117.

Electrical stimulation for bone healing reduced pain and risk of nonunion vs. sham control

Sci Rep. 2016 Aug 19;6:31724. doi: 10.1038/srep31724.

AAOS 2016: Electrical stimulation effective for pain & nonunion vs. sham

ECRB release not significantly different than sham surgery for improvement of lateral epicondylitis

Am J Sports Med. 2018 Apr;46(5):1106-1113

Decompression of no statistical benefit over sham, and no clinical benefit over exercise for SIS

BMJ. 2018 Jul 19;362:k2860. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2860

Pain and function unaffected by IFC versus sham in postoperative rehabilitation after TKA

Clin Rehabil. 2019 Jun;33(6):1027-1034. doi: 10.1177/0269215519829856

Partial meniscectomy similar to sham surgery for mechanical symptoms in meniscus tear

Ann Intern Med. 2016 Apr 5;164(7):449-55.

Low-dose radiation therapy ineffective versus sham for alleviating symptomatic hand osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018 Oct;26(10):1283-1290. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.06.010

Effect of HVLA vs. sham on vertical jump in athletes with talocrural joint dysfunction

J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2014 Feb;37(2):116-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2013.11.004. Epub 2014 Jan 2

Kinesiotaping improved WOMAC scores vs. both sham and control in conservative treatment of knee OA

J Sport Rehabil. 2019 Jul 1;28(5):481-487

AAOS2018: Fascia iliaca block not effective versus sham for analgesia after hip arthroscopy for FAI

AAOS2017: No differences after 1 year between surgery versus sham for chronic tennis elbow

Radial ESWT offers no additional effect over sham therapy for treatment of subacromial shoulder pain

Am J Sports Med. 2017 Sep;45(11):2547-2554

Multimodal physical therapy versus sham for patients with hip osteoarthritis

JAMA. 2014 May 21;311(19):1987-97. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.4591

No benefit of thoracic spinal manipulative therapy vs. sham in subacromial impingement

Man Ther. 2015 Aug;20(4):540-6.

Calcaneal taping is more effective in reducing plantar heel pain than stretching

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006 Jun;36(6):364-71

Efficacy of vertebroplasty vs sham for acute vertebral fracture in patients over 60

Lancet. 2016 Oct 1;388(10052):1408-1416