OTA 2022: Cast Immobilization Following Reduction for Dislocated Distal Radial Fractures

SICOT2018: Higher function and lower mal/nonunion rates with fixation vs sling for clavicle fracture

Nonunion reduced, 1-yr function not affected by plate fixation vs. sling for displaced clavicle Frx

Bone Joint J. 2018 Oct;100-B(10):1385-1391. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.100B10.BJJ-2017-1137.R3

Adjunct mesenchymal stem cells to Ilizarov method reduce time to union following tibial nonunion

Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018 May;25(4):819-825

AAOS2018: Fixation reduces nonunion rate versus nonoperative treatment for distal clavicle fracture

MIPO offers lower rate of nonunion compared to functional bracing of a humeral shaft fracture

J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017 Apr 5;99(7):583-592

LIPUS not associated with benefit in post-fracture/osteotomy function or pain

BMJ. 2017 Feb 22;356:j656

OTA 2016: ORIF with plate lowers nonunion rate vs. sling for displaced clavicle fractures

Electrical stimulation for bone healing reduced pain and risk of nonunion vs. sham control

Sci Rep. 2016 Aug 19;6:31724. doi: 10.1038/srep31724.

Lower nonunion rate with PRP-augmented cannulated screw fixation of femoral neck fracture

Int Orthop. 2016 May;40(5):1019-24

AAOS 2016: Similar rates of nonunion with acetaminophen/NSAIDs in humeral shaft fractures

AAOS 2016: Single-dose vitamin D does not reduce nonunion rate in acute long bone fracture

AAOS 2016: Electrical stimulation effective for pain & nonunion vs. sham

Lower rate of nonunion with reamed vs. unreamed IM nailing for closed tibial fractures

Orthopedics. 2014 Apr 1;37(4):e332-8

AAOS: Efficacy of BMP in expedited union continues to be debated

Midshaft clavicular fractures: operative treatment improves nonunion and functional scores

J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014 Feb;23(2):173-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2013.06.025. Epub 2013 Oct 12.

COA 2013: Nonunion reduced in tibial fracture treatment with reamed intramedullary nailing

Operative care of clavicle fracture reduces complications, nonunion, and malunion

Int Orthop. 2013 Aug;37(8):1495-500

OTA: Indomethacin is no better than placebo for preventing heterotopic ossification

Greater risk of nonunion when displaced scaphoid fracture is treated with plaster cast

Injury. 2012 Jun;43(6):933-9. Epub 2012 Mar 15