Tramadol PCA with metoclopramide equivalent to morphine PCAin pain reduction following TKA

Pain Med. 2013 Sep;14(9):1426-34

Methadone PCA may be used as a first-line drug for acute pain management following THA

J Anesth. 2014 Aug;28(4):505-10. doi: 10.1007/s00540-013-1785-3. Epub 2014 Jan 21.

Perioperative celecoxib alongwith PCA leads to better postoperative pain control after TKA

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008 Jun 3;9:77

Long-acting morphine given after THR or TKR offers little pain relief

Pain Res Manag. 2012 Mar-Apr;17(2):83-8

AAOS 2015: Sublingual sufentanil advantageous over IV morphine for pain after TKA/THA

Continuous infusion of bupivacaine following TKA does not improve morphine consumption

J Arthroplasty. 2013 Mar;28(3):479-84. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2012.07.016. Epub 2012 Nov 2

Continuous femoral nerve blockade versus patient-controlled analgesia following TKA

Hong Kong Med J. 2014 Feb;20(1):45-51. doi: 10.12809/hkmj133899. Epub 2013 Sep 11.

Preoperative fentanyl patches offer effective analgesia in TKA patients managed with PCA

J Pain Res. 2014 Aug 1;7:449-54

OTA 2016: FNB does not reduce pain over PCA morphine in tibial plateau fracture fixation

Continuous Femoral Nerve Blocks Provide Superior Analgesia after TKA compared to PCA

J Arthroplasty. 2013 Apr;28(4):608-13. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2012.06.039. Epub 2012 Nov 8

Multimodal analgesia effective in early postop period for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2014 Apr;24(3):315-22. doi: 10.1007/s00590-013-1208-z.

Perioperative gabapentin does not reduce postoperative morphine consumption after THA

Can J Anaesth. 2015 May;62(5):476-84

Fascia iliaca block inferior to spinal morphine for analgesia in THA under spinal anaesthe

Anaesthesia. 2016 Dec;71(12):1431-1440

Low-dose ketamine reduces morphine consumption after surgery for scoliosis in adolescents

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015 Nov;59(10):1260-8.

TKA: Dual-opioid treatment reduces pain and adverse GI events vs. oxycodone/acetaminophen

Clin Ther. 2013 Apr;35(4):498-511. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.03.002

PCA vs routine care for pain management of traumatic injuries in ED and hospital ward

BMJ. 2015 Jun 21;350:h2988

Efficacy of dexmedetomidine vs. placebo for postoperative opioid use after TKA

Can J Anaesth. 2016 May;63(5):569-576.

Gabapentin provides no added benefit to multimodal analgesia for total knee arthroplasty

Can J Anaesth. 2013 May;60(5):423-31. doi: 10.1007/s12630-013-9902-1. Epub 2013 Mar 12.

Local infiltration analgesia does not reduce PCA use after periacetabular osteotomy

Acta Orthop. 2014 Apr;85(2):141-6

Intermittent versus continuous ropivacaine infusion and the impact on interscalene block efficacy

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2018 Jan;62(1):85-93