Put simply, the fragility index is the number of patients who would have to change from not experiencing the event of interest (ie. fracture union) to experiencing the event in order to make a statistically significant result non-significant. The patients are moved in whichever group has the lower number of events, in order to gradually ‘close the gap’ until non-significance is reached. This number then indicates the fragility of the outcome, or how many patients away the trial was from not showing a statistical significance. Studies with a low fragility index indicate a high degree of fragility, and the results may be viewed with more uncertainty and caution. Conversely, outcomes with a high fragility index demonstrate a more robust result and more confidence can be given that the result is truly impactful. One thing to also observe is the....