SCI: No significant improvement in urine output, swelling, or spasticity with FES cycling

J Physiother. 2013 Dec;59(4):237-43. doi: 10.1016/S1836-9553(13)70200-5

TKA: Compression stockings provide no improvement in postoperative swelling and pain

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013 Feb;21(2):388-92. doi: 10.1007/s00167-012-1963-0. Epub 2012 Mar 28

TKA: Intra-articular tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and knee joint swelling

Int Orthop; 2011; 35(11):1639-1645

Manual lymphatic drainage treatment vs. placebo on knee swelling after TKA

Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 May;97(5):674-82

No significant effect of compressive stockings on PROMs and swelling after hindfoot & ankle surgery

Foot Ankle Int. 2018 Feb;39(2):210-218

Kinesio Taping unable to reduce swelling in athletes with acute lateral ankle sprain

J Physiother. 2015 Jan;61(1):28-33.

Limb circumference and volume with and without compression stockings after minor knee arthroscopy

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019 Apr 9;20(1):161. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2540-1

Estrogens decrease joint pain, but do not reduce joint swelling, in post-menopausal women

Menopause. 2013 Jun;20(6):600-608

Cold compression therapy vs cryotherapy alone for pain and swelling after knee surgery

Springerplus. 2016 Jul 13;5(1):1074.

Hyaluronic acid instillation after ACL reconstruction reduces pain and swelling

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2012 Aug;20(2):162-5

Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy improves pain, swelling, and function following TKA

Int Orthop. 2014 Feb;38(2):397-403

Advanced cryotherapy does not reduce pain and narcotic use after TKA

Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014 Nov;472(11):3417-23.

IV TXA has no significant impact on thigh swelling, lower limb function, or pain after DA THA

J Arthroplasty. 2017 May;32(5):1516-1519

Intramedullary nailing (IMN) has shorter operating/radiation times compared to MIPO

J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2010 Jul;92(7):984-8.

Botulinum toxin A does not improve pain or ROM during tibal distraction osteogenesis

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Knee OA: Intraarticular injections of PRP show no benefit over HA over a 12 month period

Am J Sports Med. 2015 Jul;43(7):1575-82

ISAKOS: Similiar Results with PRP and HA Injections for Early Knee Osteoarthritis

Both PRP and HA injections improve pain and function in early knee OA compared to saline

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017 Mar;25(3):958-965

PRP not superior to HA injections for treatment of knee degenerative pathology

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012 Nov 23;13:229. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-229

Knee OA: MRI assessments reveal early effect of chondroitin sulphate on cartilage loss

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