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Tubercular spondylitis: Anterior debridement with instrumentation is safe and effective
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April 2025
Tubercular spondylitis: Anterior debridement with instrumentation is safe and effective
Study Type:Therapy
OE Level Evidence:2
Journal Level of Evidence:N/A
Evaluation of Role of Anterior Debridement and Decompression of Spinal Cord and Instrumentation in Treatment of Tubercular Spondylitis
Asian Spine J. 2012 Sep;6(3):183-93. doi: 10.4184/asj.2012.6.3.183. Epub 2012 Aug 21Did you know you're eligible to earn 0.5 CME credits for reading this report? Click Here
Synopsis
32 patients with tuberculous spondylitis were randomized to receive anterior debridement and spinal cord decompression with anterior instrumentation or with no implant. Over 3 years, there was significantly greater improvement in local kyphosis in the instrumented group than in the no implant group. The instrumented group also demonstrated significantly less late loss of correction than the no implant group. However, there was no difference between the two groups with respect to improvement in canal stenosis and in the rate of complications.
Publication Funding Details
+
Funding:
Not Reported
Conflicts:
None disclosed
Was the allocation sequence adequately generated?
Was allocation adequately concealed?
Blinding Treatment Providers: Was knowledge of the allocated interventions adequately prevented?
Blinding Outcome Assessors: Was knowledge of the allocated interventions adequately prevented?
Blinding Patients: Was knowledge of the allocated interventions adequately prevented?
Was loss to follow-up (missing outcome data) infrequent?
Are reports of the study free of suggestion of selective outcome reporting?
Were outcomes objective, patient-important and assessed in a manner to limit bias (ie. duplicate assessors, Independent assessors)?
Was the sample size sufficiently large to assure a balance of prognosis and sufficiently large number of outcome events?
Was investigator expertise/experience with both treatment and control techniques likely the same (ie.were criteria for surgeon participation/expertise provided)?
Yes = 1
Uncertain = 0.5
Not Relevant = 0
No = 0
The Reporting Criteria Assessment evaluates the transparency with which authors report the methodological and trial characteristics of the trial within the publication. The assessment is divided into five categories which are presented below.
2/4
Randomization
3/4
Outcome Measurements
2/4
Inclusion / Exclusion
4/4
Therapy Description
2/4
Statistics
Detsky AS, Naylor CD, O'Rourke K, McGeer AJ, L'Abbé KA. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:255-65
The Fragility Index is a tool that aids in the interpretation of significant findings, providing a measure of strength for a result. The Fragility Index represents the number of consecutive events that need to be added to a dichotomous outcome to make the finding no longer significant. A small number represents a weaker finding and a large number represents a stronger finding.
Why was this study needed now?
There are various methods of treatment for tuberculous spondylitis, including chemotherapy and surgery. Of the existing surgical treatments, the most popular involves anterior debridement, strut grafting and instrumentation. While anterior debridement has been determined to be superior to posterior debridement due to the fact that it reduces bleeding and fusion of spinal levels, it is also associated with a few disadvantages. These include concerns that there may not be sufficient room for the insertion of anterior implants and the danger that vessels in the thoracic spine may be impaled. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of anterior debridement, autofibular strut grafting with anterior instumentation compared with the same technique without instrumentation in patients with tuberculous spondylitis.
What was the principal research question?
Is anterior debridement, autofibular strut grafting with anterior instrumentation more effective than the same procedure without instrumentation with regard to degree of local kyphosis, loss of correction, and canal stenosis improvement in patients with tuberculous spondylitis assessed over 3 years?
Study Characteristics
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Population:
32 patients with type III tuberculous spondylitis, according to Gulhane Askeri Tip Akademisi (GATA) classification
Intervention:
Group 1: Patients received anterior debridement, decompression of the spinal cord and autofibular strut grafting with anterior stabilization using screws and rods (n=18)
Comparison:
Group 2: Patients received anterior debridement, decompression of the spinal cord and autofibular strut grafting with no instrumentation (n=14)
Outcomes:
Outcomes included immediate postoperative local kyphosis correction and late loss of kyphosis at 3 years, improvement in canal stenosis, and improvement in neurological status (assessed according to the Frankel grade)
Methods:
RCT
Time:
Follow up at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 months, and every 6 months thereafter (mean follow up was 41.6 months)
What were the important findings?
- There was no difference between the two groups with respect to improvement in canal stenosis (group 1: 39.98%, group 2: 34.8%; p=0.367)
- Group 1 demonstrated significantly greater improvement in local kyphosis (percentage correction: 72.02%, mean: 24.2 degrees) than group 2 (19.42%, mean: 6.1 degrees) (p<0.001)
- At 3 years, there was significantly less late loss of correction in group 1 (1.7 degrees) than in group 2 (6.7 degrees) (p=0.01)
- There were zero occurrences in both groups of wound infection, new discharging sinuses, and recurrences of the disease in the spine
What should I remember most?
The results indicated that anterior debridement, decompression of the spinal cord and autofibular strut grafting with anterior instrumentation is more effective than the same procedure without instrumentation in regards to preventing late loss of correction at 3 years, improving local kyphosis immediately post-operatively, and improving canal stenosis.
How will this affect the care of my patients?
Anterior debridement, decompression of the spinal cord and autofibular strut grafting with anterior instrumentation appears to be safe and effective for patients with tuberculous spondylitis.
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