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Sham-SMT is a believable sham comparator for studying effects of SMT in shoulder pain

Man Ther. 2013 Feb;18(1):60-4. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2012.07.003. Epub 2012 Aug 9

RCT Shoulder & Elbow Axial Skeleton Spine Spine Thoracic Upper Extremity Shoulder Pain Manual Therapy Sham-SMT - Hide

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No difference between low-level laser therapy and sham treatment for knee OA

Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015 Sep;23(9):1437-44.

Meta-analysis Osteoarthritis Lower Extremity Knee Arthritis Control LLLT Low-Level Laser Therapy Sham Laser Therapy - Hide

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Low-dose radiation therapy ineffective versus sham for alleviating symptomatic hand osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018 Oct;26(10):1283-1290. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.06.010

RCT Hand & Wrist Osteoarthritis Upper Extremity Hand Arthritis Inflammation Low-Dose Radiation Therapy Sham - Hide

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Multimodal physical therapy versus sham for patients with hip osteoarthritis

JAMA. 2014 May 21;311(19):1987-97. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.4591

RCT Physical Therapy & Rehab Osteoarthritis Lower Extremity Hip Arthritis Pain 3M Multimodal Sham Physical Therapy Program - Hide

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Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy & sham surgery similar for degenerative meniscal tear

N Engl J Med. 2013 Dec 26;369(26):2515-24. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1305189

RCT Sports Medicine Joint Meniscus Tear Tears Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy Sham Surgery - Hide

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Radial ESWT offers no additional effect over sham therapy for treatment of subacromial shoulder pain

Am J Sports Med. 2017 Sep;45(11):2547-2554

RCT Physical Therapy & Rehab Upper Extremity Shoulder Bone Radius Subacromial Pain Impingement Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Sessions Of Supervised Exercises Sham - Hide

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Sham thoracic SMT plausible as a comparator in studies with shoulder pain patients

Man Ther. 2015 Feb;20(1):171-5.

RCT Spine Axial Skeleton Thoracic Upper Extremity Shoulder Bone Subacromial Pain Impingement Syndrome Sham SMT - Hide

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Interferential current therapy in addition to standard of care for subacromial impingement syndrome

Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2018 Jun;54(3):351-357

RCT Physical Therapy & Rehab Upper Extremity Shoulder Bone Subacromial Impingement Syndrome Interferential Current Therapy Sham - Hide

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Decompression of no statistical benefit over sham, and no clinical benefit over exercise for SIS

BMJ. 2018 Jul 19;362:k2860. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2860

RCT Shoulder & Elbow Upper Extremity Shoulder Bone Subacromial Impingement Syndrome Arthroscopic Sham Subacromial Decompression - Hide

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Pain and function unaffected by IFC versus sham in postoperative rehabilitation after TKA

Clin Rehabil. 2019 Jun;33(6):1027-1034. doi: 10.1177/0269215519829856

RCT Physical Therapy & Rehab Osteoarthritis Lower Extremity Knee Arthritis Pain Edema Paracetamol Arthroplasty IFC Interferential Current Therapy Sham - Hide

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Electrical stimulation for bone healing reduced pain and risk of nonunion vs. sham control

Sci Rep. 2016 Aug 19;6:31724. doi: 10.1038/srep31724.

Meta-analysis General Orthopaedics Axial Skeleton Spine Delayed Union Fracture Nonunion Pain Control Delayed Electrical Stimulation Fusion Osteotomy Sham Stimulation - Hide

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Neurodynamic technique proves no better than sham treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009 Oct;39(10):709-23. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2009.3117.

RCT Physical Therapy & Rehab Women Bone Carpal Syndrome Anatomical Sham - Hide

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Manual therapy and active exercises improve disability in patients with CNLBP

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012 Aug 28;13:162. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-162.

RCT Spine Low Back Axial Skeleton Back Pain Exercises Manual Therapy Spinal Manipulation Ultrasound - Hide

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No benefit of thoracic spinal manipulative therapy vs. sham in subacromial impingement

Man Ther. 2015 Aug;20(4):540-6.

RCT Shoulder & Elbow Axial Skeleton Spine Spine Thoracic Upper Extremity Bone Subacromial Pain Impingement Syndrome Wagner Instruments Manipulation Sham Thoracic Spinal Manipulative Therapy - Hide

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ECRB release not significantly different than sham surgery for improvement of lateral epicondylitis

Am J Sports Med. 2018 Apr;46(5):1106-1113

RCT Shoulder & Elbow Upper Extremity Epicondyle Epicondylitis Cortical Drilling Mini-Open Technique Sham Surgery - Hide

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Arthroscopy versus physical therapy in degenerative tears of the meniscus and/or knee OA

ACE Review Sports Medicine

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ISAKOS2017: Pulsed signal therapy provides short-term function improvement for patella chondropathy

RCT Sports Medicine Lower Extremity Knee Bone Patella Joint Patellofemoral Pain Chondropathy Syndrome Pulsed Sham - Hide

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Improved pain and function with extracorporeal shockwave therapy compared to sham for knee OA

Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019;100(9):1695-1702. 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.04.020

RCT Osteoarthritis Lower Extremity Knee Arthritis Pain Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Sham - Hide

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Spinal manipulative therapy offers modest improvements in pain/function with minor MSK harms

JAMA. 2017 Apr 11;317(14):1451-1460

Meta-analysis Spine Low Back Axial Skeleton Back Pain Control Observational Sham SMT Spinal Manipulative Therapy - Hide

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Short-term spinal manipulation vs. sham therapy in sensorimotor function for low back pain

Man Ther. 2016 Feb;21:183-90.

RCT Spine Low Back Axial Skeleton Back Pain High-Velocity HVLA Load Low-Amplitude Sham Therapy Spinal Manipulation - Hide

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Sham-SMT is a believable sham comparator for studying effects of SMT in shoulder pain

No difference between low-level laser therapy and sham treatment for knee OA

Low-dose radiation therapy ineffective versus sham for alleviating symptomatic hand osteoarthritis

Multimodal physical therapy versus sham for patients with hip osteoarthritis

Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy & sham surgery similar for degenerative meniscal tear

Radial ESWT offers no additional effect over sham therapy for treatment of subacromial shoulder pain

Sham thoracic SMT plausible as a comparator in studies with shoulder pain patients

Interferential current therapy in addition to standard of care for subacromial impingement syndrome

Decompression of no statistical benefit over sham, and no clinical benefit over exercise for SIS

Pain and function unaffected by IFC versus sham in postoperative rehabilitation after TKA

Electrical stimulation for bone healing reduced pain and risk of nonunion vs. sham control

Neurodynamic technique proves no better than sham treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Manual therapy and active exercises improve disability in patients with CNLBP

No benefit of thoracic spinal manipulative therapy vs. sham in subacromial impingement

ECRB release not significantly different than sham surgery for improvement of lateral epicondylitis

Arthroscopy versus physical therapy in degenerative tears of the meniscus and/or knee OA

ISAKOS2017: Pulsed signal therapy provides short-term function improvement for patella chondropathy

Improved pain and function with extracorporeal shockwave therapy compared to sham for knee OA

Spinal manipulative therapy offers modest improvements in pain/function with minor MSK harms

Short-term spinal manipulation vs. sham therapy in sensorimotor function for low back pain

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