ALIF + TDR vs. 2-level circumferential fusion + TLIF for lumbar degenerative disc disease

Eur Spine J. 2016 May;25(5):1558-66.

COA 2013: Comparison of different fusion treatments for patients with spondylolisthesis

Lumbar total disc replacement and fusion provide similar clinical outcomes at 5 years

J Neurosurg Spine. 2012 Oct 19

Similar clinical outcomes for total disc replacement and fusion treatments after 5 years

J Neurosurg Spine. 2012 Dec;17(6):493-501

No benefits found with addition of dynamic fixation to single-level fusion of lumbar spine

Eur Spine J. 2010 Dec;19(12):2181-9

Spondylolisthesis: posterior lumbar interbody fusion VS posterolateral lumbar fusion

J Neurosurg Spine. 2011 Apr;14(4):488-96. doi: 10.3171/2010.11.SPINE10281. Epub 2011 Feb 11

Usual care with a behavioral component most cost-effectve treatment for spinal fusion

Eur Spine J. 2008 Feb;17(2):262-71

ISASS 2016: Interspinous process vs. pedicle screw fixation for degenerative disc disease

AAOS2018: Electrical stimulation does not appear to significantly increase spinal fusion success

DC electrical stimulation does not improve fusion mass bone quality

Euro Spine Journal; 2010; 19; 2200-2208

Comparable spinal fusion rates between three different electrical stimulation techniques

Spine J. 2013 Oct;13(10):1238-43

Lumbar interbody fusion: Uni- & bilateral pedicle screw fixation similar in fusion rate

Eur Spine J. 2014 Feb;23(2):395-403. doi: 10.1007/s00586-013-3100-2. Epub 2013 Nov 22

Effect of electrical stimulation on fusion rate in spinal fusion surgery

Bioelectromagnetics. 2002 Oct;23(7):496-504.

Total disc replacement is an effective treatment for bi-level degenerative disc disease

J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011 Apr 20;93(8):705-15. Epub 2011 Mar 11.

Analysis of epidural injection and lumbar fusion in treatment of lumbar discogenic pain

Korean J Pain. 2015 Apr;28(2):75-87

Bone marrow concentrate improves fusion with allograft in posterolateral fusion

Spine J. 2014 Jul 1;14(7):1318-24

Instrumented posterior interbody fusion and posterolateral fusion for low-back pain

J Neurosurg Spine. 2011 Sep;15(3):295-310. doi: 10.3171/2011.4.SPINE10330. Epub 2011 May 27

Variable results of electrical stimulation following spinal fusion

Evid Based Spine Care J. 2014 Oct;5(2):87-94

Fusion not necessary in addition to fixation of thoracolumbar burst fractures

J Neurosurg Spine. 2017 Nov;27(5):584-592

TDR is a safe and effective alternative to fusion for lumbar degenerative disc disease

Int Orthop. 2013 Jul;37(7):1315-25. doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-1883-8. Epub 2013 May 4