Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and transfusions in TKA and THA .
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OrthoEvidence Journal (OE Journal) - ACE Report
OE Journal. 2013;1(10):12 BMC Res Notes. 2013 May 7;6:184. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-18433 RCTs (1,957 patients), reporting the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty compared to a control, were selected in this meta-analysis. The findings calculating the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing in blood loss, number of patients requiring allogeneic blood transfusions, and risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) indicated better outcomes in favour of tranexamic acid for both THA and TKA.
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Was the validity of all of the studies referred to in the text assessed with use of appropriate criteria (either in selecting the studies for inclusion or in analyzing the studies that were cited)?
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Detsky AS, Naylor CD, O'Rourke K, McGeer AJ, L'Abbé KA. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:255-65
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Pourquoi cette étude était-elle nécessaire maintenant ?
With the increasing number of TKAs and THAs being performed, the issue of blood loss and subsequent high risk of blood transfusions is an increasingly important issue. Substantial blood loss can lead to postoperative anemia, infections, cardiopulmonary events, and increased costs. To counteract these effects, tranexamic acid (TXA), applied topically or intravenously, has been used in many surgeries, but it's risk of causing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is of some concern. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of TXA in reducing blood loss and allogenic transfusion requirements without causing DVT.
Quelle était la principale question de recherche ?
Does tranexamic acid (TXA) reduce total blood loss and number of patients requiring allogenic blood transfusions, compared to a control, in patients undergoing THA and TKA?
- In 14 studies with TKA, the combined total blood loss favoured TXA patients, WMD = -1.149 (p < 0.001; 95% CI −1.298 to -1.000). The heterogeneity of these results was high (p = 0.000, I2 = 85.710). After sensitivity analysis considering heterogeneity, TXA showed superiority over control; WMD = −1.706 (p < 0.001, 95% CI −1.949 to-1.463).
- In 12 studies with THA, the combined total blood loss also favoured TXA, WMD = −0.504 (p<0.001; 95% CI, -0.672, -0.336). A moderate level of heterogeneity was found (p = 0.006, I2 = 58.000).
- In 16 studies with TKA, the combined OR of number of patients receiving allogeneic blood transfusions was 0.145 (p < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.094, 0.223) in favour of TXA group. The results were homogenous (p =0.801, I2 = 0.000).
- In 10 studies with THA, the combined OR for number of patients receiving allogeneic blood transfusions was 0.327 (p < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.208, 0.515) in favour of TXA. The heterogeneity of the results was moderate (p = 0.135, I2 = 34.089).
- In 7 studies with TKA, the combined OR of number of patients who developed DVT was 1.030 (p = 0.946; 95% CI, 0.439, 2.420), showing no increase in DVT incidences with TXA use. The results were homogenous (p =0.615, I2 = 0.000).
- In 5 studies with THA, the combined OR for the number of patients who developed a DVT was 1.070 (p = 0.895; 95% CI, 0.393, 2.911), showing no increase in DVT incidences with TXA use. The results were homogenous (p =0.677, I2 = 0.000).
- In TXA groups, 30 DVT, 3 pulmonary embolisms (PE), 1 myocardial infarction, 3 wound infections, 9 wound hematomas, and 1 chest infection occurred. In control groups 20 DVT, 4 PE, 5 wound infections, and 6 wound hematomas occurred.
De quoi dois-je me souvenir en priorité ?
The use of TXA significantly reduced the total blood loss and number of patients requiring blood allogeneic blood transfusions after THA and TKA, without an increased risk of thromboembolic complications.
Comment cela affectera-t-il les soins prodigués à mes patients ?
The study supports the use of TXA in major surgeries such as TKA and THA. However, more meta-analyses with poolable data regarding thromboembolic complications are needed to confirm these findings.
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