Ninety-three patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis were randomized to receive either a second-generation uncemented trabecular metal-backed (TM) glenoid (n=46) or a cemented polyethylene (POLY) glenoid (n=47). The primary outcome was the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder (WOOS) quality of life score. Secondary outcomes included the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES), EuroQol–5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 2 years, and 5 years postoperatively. Overall, the results revealed no statistically or clinically significant differences between the TM and POLY groups in terms of WOOS, with both groups showing significant improvement from baseline. The rate of metal debris in the TM group was 23.9%, but this did not negatively impact patient outcomes. At 5 years, both implants demonstrated similar outcomes in terms of quality of life and shoulder function, with no implant failures reported. This suggests that both glenoids offer comparable long-term benefits for patients.