AAOS: Metal ion release substantially increased with metal on metal articulation in THA

36mm metal-on-metal THA increases metal ion & erythrocyte cobalt levels vs 28mm bearing

J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014 Mar 19;96(6):448-55. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.M.00164.

Systemic cobalt release after metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty: 5 year follow-up

J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003 Nov;85-A(11):2168-73

Large modular metal-on-metal bearings in routine primary hip replacement

J Bone Joint Surg Br; 2011; 93(12): 1602-1609

COA: Increased metal ion levels with metal compared to polyethylene inserts in THA

Comparison of revision rate and metal ion release in ceramic-on-metal & metal-on-metal THA

Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016 Feb;474(2):447-55

THA: 3-fold complication rate with Metal-on-Metal bearings

J Arthroplasty. 2012 Dec;27(10):1844-9. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2012.05.023. Epub 2012 Jul 6

Increased mortality with metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty over long-term follow-up

PLoS One. 2016 Jun 13;11(6):e0156051. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156051. eCollection 2016

COA 2015: More revision & metal ions with large head metal-on-metal vs hip resurfacing THA

Metal-on-metal THA increases HLA DR+CD8+ T-cells & correlates with immunological reactions

Acta Orthop. 2011 Feb;82(1):6-12. Epub 2010 Dec 29

High risk of elevated metal ion concentrations for patients who undergo metal-on-metal THA

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2011 Nov;131(11):1573-83. doi: 10.1007/s00402-011-1325-2. Epub 2011 Jun 4

Metal-on-metal arthroplasty produces an increase in body cobalt and nickel concentration

J Arthroplasty. 2009 Sep;24(6):837-45. Epub 2008 Sep 26.

NZOA 2013: Metal-on-metal and ceramic-on-metal surface bearings in THA

Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacing vs. Large head THA on quality of life and serum ion levels

Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010 Feb;468(2):318-25. Epub 2009 Aug 21.

Ceramic-on-metal bearing surfaces do not reduce serum ion metal concentrations after THA

J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012 Nov;94(11):1462-7. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.94B11.29343.

Metal release does not translate to increased metal allergy in metal-on-polyethylene THA

Acta Orthop. 2014 Aug;85(4):348-54. doi: 10.3109/17453674.2014.922730. Epub 2014 Jun 16.

A large metal-on-metal total hip prosthesis does not provide additional increases to ROM

Int Orthop. 2011 Dec;35(12):1771-6. Epub 2011 Mar 4

THA with metal or ceramic bearings

Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2011;78(5):410-5

Metal ions and moderate pseudotumor development reduced with large- vs. small-head MoM THA

Bone Joint J. 2018 Aug;100-B(8):1018-1024

Metal-on-metal THA increases HLA DR+CD8+ T-cells & correlates with immunological reactions

Acta Orthop. 2011 Feb;82(1):6-12. Epub 2010 Dec 29