Similar analgesic efficacy noted with intrathecal morphine and FNB following TKA

Int J Surg. 2016 Aug;32:89-98

Periarticular injection & intrathecal morphine provide similar pain relief after TKA

Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013 Jun;471(6):1992-9. doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-2826-9. Epub 2013 Feb 9

Intrathecal morphine, added to spinal anaesthesia in TKA, offers better analgesia than fentanyl

Pain Res Manag. 2016;2016:3256583

Favourable pain relief, less opioid-related AEs with LIA vs. intrathecal morphine after TKR surgery

Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019 Apr;36(4):264-271.

THA: Use of LIA or intrathecal morphine show no difference in occurrence of adverse events

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012 Jul;56(6):695-705. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2012.02667.x. Epub 2012 Mar 7

Local Infiltration Analgesia Superior to Intrathecal Morphine for Pain Management in TJA Patients

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research. 2020 18-Mar;():. 10.1186/s13018-020-01627-4

Methylnaltrexone reduces morphine side effects after orthopedic surgery

Pain Pract. 2015 Apr;15(4):348-54

Preemptive Analgesia in Lumbar Spine Surgery Improves Pain and Analgesic Consumption Post-Operation

Spine J. 2020 01-Jul;():. 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.03.001

Late PONV reduced with ramosetron vs ondansetron following TKA under spinal anesthesia

J Arthroplasty. 2017 Mar;32(3):1040-1043

Morphine following arthroscopic knee surgery provides pain relief with minimal side-effect

Arthroscopy. 2013 Aug;29(8):1450-1458

IA injection of morphine + bupivacaine vs. morphine alone for analgesia after arthroscopy

PLoS One. 2015 Oct 16;10(10):e0140512

IA bupivacaine and morphine reduces pain in arthroscopic knee surgery compared to placebo

BMJ Open. 2015 Jun 15;5(6):e006815

COA 2013: Morphine is an effective analgesic after arthroscopic knee surgery

Similar pain, lower opioid consumption with addition of morphine to local multimodal cocktail in TKA

Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Oct;98(41):e17503.

AAOS 2016: No added benefit of morphine to periarticular injection for TKA

Bupivacaine vs. morphine following knee arthroscopy: comparable postoperative pain results

Orthopedics. 2013 Sep 1;36(9):e1121-7

Ketamine and magnesium significantly reduces morphine consumption in scoliosis patients

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014 May;58(5):572-9

Intrathecal and intravenous clonidine with bupivacaine in children undergoing surgery

Paediatr Anaesth. 2011 Apr;21(4):399-405. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03543.x

AAOS 2015: Sublingual sufentanil advantageous over IV morphine for pain after TKA/THA

Long-acting morphine given after THR or TKR offers little pain relief

Pain Res Manag. 2012 Mar-Apr;17(2):83-8