OE Journal.

Contemporary musculoskeletal care is being reshaped by comparative evaluations of operative approaches, perioperative analgesic strategies and biologic adjuncts designed to speed recovery, reduce pain and minimize complications. Research examines nerve blocks, extended‑release local anesthetics, systemic hemostatic options and device‑based neuromodulation for persistent postoperative pain, while orthobiologic therapies — platelet concentrates, fibrin matrices and viscosupplementation — are tested against one another for symptom relief and tissue healing. Rehabilitation and conservative options such as hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, balance training, digital therapeutics and targeted nutritional support after fracture recur, alongside pragmatic work on wound management, alignment philosophy and return‑to‑play risks. High‑quality comparative trials and meta‑analyses are gradually refining choices about safety, function and long‑term outcomes for patients and athletes.