Eighty patients presenting with spinal degenerative disease and scheduled for an oblique lumbar interbody fusion procedure were randomized to receive robot-assisted pedicle screw insertion or conventional freehand pedicle screw insertion. Outcomes of interest included screw accuracy, operative time, low back and leg pain on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, blood loss, screw insertion revision rate, drainage volume and the incidence of surgical site infection. Results revealed significantly favourable screw accuracy, total and posterior operative duration, low back pain immediately post-operation, and intra-operative blood loss in the robot-assisted group compared to the conventional freehand group. Post-operative drainage volume was significantly higher in the robot-assisted group.