The use of a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic sleep-aid (Zolpidem) in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction: a randomized controlled clinical trial

29 patients were randomized to assess the effect of a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic sleep-aid, Zolpidem, on postoperative narcotic requirements, pain, and fatigue in patients undergoing outpatient anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Patients received either a single dose of Zolpidem or a gelatin capsule (placebo) for the first seven postoperative nights. Results indicated that Zolpidem reduced the total amount of narcotic consumption by 28% when compared to the placebo. However, no significant differences were observed between both groups regarding postoperative pain or fatigue levels.