Forty women with chronic low back pain were randomized to receive 8 weeks of general physical therapy plus pain neuroscience education and lumbar stabilization exercises (n=20) or general physical therapy plus lumbar stabilization exercises (n=20). The primary outcomes of interest included muscle strength (abdominal/back muscle strength) and pain (numeric pain rating scale [NPRS]; Korean Pain Catastrophizing Scale [K-PCS]; Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 [TSK-11]). Secondary outcomes of interest include flexibility and the activity disorder on the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Results revealed significantly greater abdominal and back muscle strength, lower NPRS, K-PCS, and TSK-11 scores, and greater finger-to-floor flexibility in the pain neuroscience education group.