40 patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomized to receive mobilization with movement treatment or sham treatment for the improvement of pain and function. The primary outcomes of interest were pain on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Index, pain pressure threshold and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Secondary outcomes of interest included muscle strength and range of motion. Follow up was performed at 2 hours and 2 days post-treatment. Results revealed significantly greater improvements from baseline in all outcomes, with the exception of knee range of motion in extension and WOMAC pain, function, stiffness and total scores, in favour of the mobilization group compared to the sham group. At 2 days post-treatment, the changes from baseline in VAS pain, pain pressure threshold of the shoulder, TUG time, knee flexion and extension strength and knee range of motion in flexion were significantly in favour of the mobilization group.