Ninety-three patients with chronic radicular lumbar spondylopathy were randomized to receive either spinal fusion surgery (n=47) or conservative non-surgical treatment (n=46). The primary outcome of interest was overall clinical efficacy. Secondary outcomes included recurrence rate, pain severity, lumbar function recovery, and quality of life. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year after treatment. Overall, the results of the study revealed that the surgical group had a higher total effective rate, lower recurrence rate, and significantly better pain relief, lumbar function scores, and quality of life measures at 1 year compared to the non-surgical group. The findings suggest that spinal fusion surgery provides superior long-term outcomes for chronic radicular lumbar spondylopathy.