This systematic review and meta-analysis included nine randomized controlled trials involving 473 patients with knee joint pain, assessing the impact of digital healthcare (DH) systems on pain and physical function. DH systems are based on virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies. Pooled outcomes of interest included balance, pain level, knee joint range of motion, and walking velocity. The meta-analysis found significant improvements in balance and pain levels in patients using DH systems, especially among those with osteoarthritis (OA), while no significant effects were observed in knee joint range of motion and walking velocity. The findings suggest that DH systems, particularly for OA patients, can effectively improve certain aspects of physical function and reduce pain levels.