70 patients who had suffered a fall-related hip fracture and were undergoing acute postoperative rehabilitation for 6 weeks were randomized to one of three regimens: adaptability treadmill training in addition to usual physical therapy sessions; conventional treadmill training in addition to usual physical therapy sessions; or usual physical therapy sessions alone. Patients were assessed for measures of walking ability, walking adaptability, fear of falling and the incidence of falls at the end of the 6-week programs, and at 4-week and 12-month follow-up. All three groups significantly improved in general walking ability, general health, and fear of falling over time. The only significant differences noted in a priori analyses were a greater increase in the Functional Ambulation Category in the conventional treadmill group compared to the other two groups after 4 weeks, and a smaller reduction in walking speed during the 10-meter walking test with obstacles in the adaptability treadmill group compared to the conventional treadmill group. All other outcomes did not significantly differ between the three groups.