Quadriceps function in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees exercising with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and cryotherapy: A randomized controlled study

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30 patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears were randomized to receive a 2 week rehabilitation exercise program while wearing a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) device on the knee, the rehabilitation program with cryotherapy, or the rehabilitation program alone. Over 6 months, there was no difference between the three groups for knee extension force or for quadriceps central activation ratio. Significant improvement was seen in all groups over 2 weeks for pain, knee extension force, and central activation.