Towards Herd Immunity: Valuation of COVID-19 Vaccines .

As the world raced to develop COVID-19 vaccines, the promise of herd immunity emerged as a potential turning point in the pandemic. This review critically examines the global challenges in achieving that goal—from unequal vaccine distribution and affordability to logistical hurdles in rollout and public hesitancy. It highlights how vaccine efficacy, emerging viral variants, and structural inequities shape the uneven path toward population-level protection. Ultimately, the report calls for coordinated global action to ensure that access to vaccines—and the hope they bring—is not limited by geography or income.