The Power of Placebo: Can They Be As Effective As Treatments ?

This OE Insight examines the evolving science of the placebo effect, tracing its history from 18th-century origins to modern neurobiological and surgical applications. Placebos can trigger real physiological responses—like endogenous opioid release—and influence outcomes via color, branding, and route of administration. Surgical trials present unique challenges, especially around ethics and informed consent. The authors advocate for thoughtful, transparent use of placebo controls to strengthen clinical evidence while preserving patient trust.