Stopping Trials Early for Benefit: Overestimating Effects and Putting Patients at Risk .

Stopping randomized trials early may offer time and cost savings, quicker market access, and faster patient access to promising treatments. However, trials halted prematurely often overestimate treatment effects due to random variability in early outcomes and insufficient sample sizes. Systematic reviews show that many such trials lack transparent reporting of key details like sample size targets, stopping rules, and interim analysis timing, inevitably raising concerns over reliability. Consequently, these trials frequently prompt replication efforts, reflecting skepticism in the clinical community. Caution and transparency are essential when interpreting results from trials stopped early for benefit.