GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide and liraglutide have surged in popularity for weight loss, prompting growing interest in their musculoskeletal effects. Evidence suggests potential benefits for patients with osteoarthritis, including symptom improvement and reduced need for arthroplasty, though some data indicate a possible increased OA risk in those without prior disease. GLP-1 RAs may also reduce bone mineral density, yet paradoxically appear to lower fracture risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In surgical settings, GLP-1 use has been linked to fewer complications after hip and knee arthroplasty, but may raise perioperative risks in shoulder surgery. Overall, these medications show promise but require cautious use and further long-term study to clarify their impact on bone and joint health.