60 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis were randomized to enter a 12-week exercise regimen or remain sedentary for the study duration. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise as a conservative treatment of osteoarthritic pain and function. Pressure-pain thresholds and indices of temporal summation following stimulation by pressure at baseline and after 12 weeks were measured with cuff algometry. Secondary outcome was the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Results demonstrated an increase and pain pressure threshold and decrease in temporal pain summation in the exercise therapy group after 12 weeks, compared to a decrease and increase in the measures, respectively, observed in the control group, with significant differences noted between groups.