Thirty-four patients with acute spinal cord injury were randomized to receive either granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) injection (n=16) or placebo saline injection (n=18). The primary outcome of interest was improvement in ASIA impairment scale scores. Secondary outcomes of interest included neurological recovery at follow-up and adverse events. Outcomes were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months post-injury. Overall, the results of the study revealed that patients treated with G-CSF showed significantly greater improvement in ASIA scores across all time points compared with placebo, with no increase in adverse events. These findings suggest that G-CSF may be a promising therapeutic option to enhance recovery after acute spinal cord injury, though confirmation in larger studies is needed.