Effects of short-term resistance training and pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone metabolism and joint function in severe haemophilia A patients with osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial

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48 patients with severe haemophilia A and osteoporosis were randomized to one of four groups: (1) resistance training [RT] + sham pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF); (2) RT+ PEMF; (3) PEMF only; and (4) control group [i.e. no intervention]. These interventions occurred over a period of 6 weeks to determine the effect of resistance training and PEMF on bone biomarkers and joint function. Results indicated that RT significantly improved BMI, muscle strength, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and total scores for the modified Colorado Questionnaire, both with and without the addition of PEMF. Adding PEMF to resistance training did not improve muscle strength any further.