Ninety patients with lower limb fractures were randomized to receive either rehabilitation nursing intervention (n = 45) or routine postoperative care (n = 45). The primary outcome was the incidence of lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Secondary outcomes included hemorheology indices, quality of life (SF-36 scores), nursing effectiveness, and patient satisfaction. Outcomes were assessed at 3 months after surgery. Overall, the results revealed that the rehabilitation nursing group had a significantly lower incidence of DVT, better hemorheology indices, higher SF-36 scores, and higher nursing satisfaction. These findings suggest that standardized rehabilitation nursing can effectively prevent postoperative complications, improve quality of life, and enhance patient satisfaction in lower limb fracture patients.