Pain Catastrophizing & Anxiety Mediate Gains in Mind–Body Intervention for Orthopedic Trauma .
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Pain catastrophizing and pain anxiety mediate changes in physical function in a mind-body intervention for adults with traumatic orthopedic injuries.
Pain . 2025 Jun 1;166(6):1418-1424.One hundred ninety-five adults with recent traumatic orthopedic injuries were randomized to receive either the Toolkit for Optimal Recovery (TOR) intervention (n=97) or Minimally Enhanced Usual Care (MEUC) (n=98). The primary outcome was self-reported physical function using the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA). Secondary outcomes included pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety, and pain levels. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, postintervention (4 weeks), and at 3-month follow-up. Overall, the results of the study revealed that TOR significantly improved physical function and that these improvements were mediated by reductions in pain catastrophizing and pain anxiety. These findings suggest that targeting psychological risk factors early in recovery may prevent chronic disability in orthopedic trauma patients.
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