Fifteen randomized controlled trials including 537 patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis comparing proprioceptive training plus traditional rehabilitation versus traditional rehabilitation alone. Pooled outcomes of interest included active and passive joint position sense (JPS), hop functional test, subjective functional outcomes (IKDC, KOOS, Cincinnati, Lysholm scores), muscle strength, and pain. Proprioceptive training significantly improved passive JPS, hop test performance, and subjective functional scores, but had no significant effects on active JPS, muscle strength, or pain. Overall, the findings suggest proprioceptive training offers specific benefits for sensory and functional outcomes but may not enhance strength or pain relief after ACL reconstruction.