Comparison of multi-drug injection versus placebo after hallux valgus surgery

30 patients were randomized to examine whether the administration of local multi-drug injection following bilateral hallux valgus surgery could reduce postoperative pain. Patients received a multi-drug injection (containing ropivacaine, morphine, ketorolac, and epinephrine) in one foot and the same volume of normal saline in the other foot. Results revealed that the multi-drug injection led to significantly less pain after the first 4 and 8 hours, and then gradually declined through the first and second postoperative day.