27 randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis on workplace-based neck and shoulder strengthening intervention, general fitness training, and ergonomic approach interventions, and their effect on either reducing neck pain among symptomatic office workers, or preventing the development of neck pain in general among office workers. Among office workers with neck pain, there was moderate-quality evidence in support of either workplace-based neck and shoulder strengthening intervention or general fitness training for greater pain reduction than no training. A single study suggested a therapeutic effect of ergonomic adjustment for neck pain, though no significant preventative effect of ergonomic adjustment for neck pain among general office workers.