Five randomized controlled trials, including 198 patients with lumbar spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis, were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis comparing LSSE to various exercise interventions. Pooled outcomes of interest included disability improvement (primary outcome) and pain intensity reduction (secondary outcome). The meta-analysis revealed a trend toward disability improvement in the LSSE group, which became significant when LSSE was used as a standalone treatment. However, LSSE did not significantly reduce pain intensity. These findings suggest that LSSE may be beneficial for improving functional disability in patients with lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, particularly when used alone, but it does not significantly reduce pain.