322 patients with advanced degenerative spinal stenosis with up to grade I spondylolisthesis were randomized to undergo treatment with decompression and pedicle screw arthrodesis or with an interlaminar stabilization device. This 5-year follow-up study was conducted in order to determine if the stabilization device was able to yield greater efficacy and safety in comparison to the standard treatment in the long-term. The number of patients not needing reintervention at 5 years was comparable between individuals who underwent decompression and pedicle screw arthrodesis and individuals who received an interlaminar stabilization device. Of these patients, similar proportions between groups reported improvements in the Oswestry Disability Index of at least 15 points and improvements in VAS back and worse leg pain of at least 20 points. Fewer patients in the decompression and pedicle screw arthrodesis group reported composite success of the procedure.