The impact of exsanguination by Esmarch bandage on venous hemodynamic changes in total knee arthroplasty -- A prospective randomized study of 38 knees

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38 adult male patients with unilateral advanced osteoarthritis of the knee who were scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty were randomized to receive the procedure with or without Esmarch bandage exsanguination. The results from post-operative 28 day follow-up revealed that both groups had venous outflow levels return to baseline levels; however, individuals that received the bandage displayed a significantly quicker return to these levels. Similar results were also observed for venous capacitance and arterial filling index.