Seven studies including 508 patients with shoulder disorders were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis comparing telerehabilitation vs. home-based exercise. Pooled outcomes of interest included pain relief, range of motion (flexion, abduction, external and internal rotation), functional outcomes (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire), and quality of life (EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire). Telerehabilitation showed superior improvements in range of motion, functional outcomes, and quality of life, while its effect on pain relief was comparable to home-based exercise except when continued for over 12 weeks, where it was significantly more effective. These findings suggest that telerehabilitation provides enhanced rehabilitation benefits compared to traditional home-based exercises for shoulder disorders, especially when sustained over time.