Fourteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 1,741 patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) were analyzed in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The study compared the effects of physiotherapist-led cognitive behavioral interventions (CBI), either alone or combined with physiotherapy, against conventional physiotherapy on quality of life (QoL), disability, and catastrophization. Pooled results from three studies showed no significant improvement in QoL at 3 months. Nine studies evaluating disability found no significant differences between groups at 3, 6, and 12 months. The results suggest that while CBI, particularly cognitive functional therapy (CFT), shows promise in disability management, its benefits remain uncertain due to substantial heterogeneity across studies.