Ten thousand one hundred three patients with open or closed extremity or pelvic fractures were randomized as part of a cluster-randomized crossover trial to receive either a preoperative chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bath (n=2,674) or no CHG bath (n=7,429). The primary outcome of interest was surgical site infection (SSI) within 90 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes included SSI within 1 year, Staphylococcus aureus infection within 1 year, reoperation for infection, and reoperation for wound-healing complications, all within 1 year. Outcomes were assessed up to 90 days and 1 year postoperatively. Overall, the results of the study revealed no significant reduction in the risk of SSI with CHG bathing, even after adjusting for confounders or using instrumental variable analysis. These findings suggest limited utility of CHG bathing in preventing infections following fracture surgery.