METABOLIC DISORDERS
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of alendronate and zoledronate for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis
OrthoEvidence Journal (OE Journal) - ACE Report
OE Journal. 2014;2(7):13 Gynecol Endocrinol. 2013 Dec;29(12):1005-14. doi: 10.3109/09513590.2013.813468. Epub 2013 Sep 2519 randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review which investigated the effect bisphosphonates on decreasing fracture risk and increasing bone mineral density in osteoporotic and osteopenic postmenopausal women. 17 studies were used for quantitative synthesis. The two drugs which were evaluated were alendronate and zoledronate. At a minimum of 1 year follow-up, hip and vertebral fracture risk was significantly reduced with both treatments. Alendronate was also associated with significant increases in bone mineral density at the total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine, although meta-analysis for BMD could not be performed for zoledronate.
Were the search methods used to find evidence (original research) on the primary question or questions stated?
Was the search for evidence reasonably comprehensive?
Were the criteria used for deciding which studies to include in the overview reported?
Was the bias in the selection of studies avoided?
Were the criteria used for assessing the validity of the included studies reported?
Was the validity of all of the studies referred to in the text assessed with use of appropriate criteria (either in selecting the studies for inclusion or in analyzing the studies that were cited)?
Were the methods used to combine the findings of the relevant studies (to reach a conclusion) reported?
Were the findings of the relevant studies combined appropriately relative to the primary question that the overview addresses?
Were the conclusions made by the author or authors supported by the data and or analysis reported in the overview?
How would you rate the scientific quality of this evidence?
Sí = 1
Incierto = 0,5
No relevante = 0
No = 0
La evaluación de los criterios de información evalúa la transparencia con la que los autores informan de las características metodológicas y del ensayo dentro de la publicación. La evaluación se divide en cinco categorías que se presentan a continuación.
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Introduction
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Accessing Data
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Analysing Data
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Results
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Discussion
Detsky AS, Naylor CD, O'Rourke K, McGeer AJ, L'Abbé KA. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:255-65
El Índice de Fragilidad es una herramienta que ayuda en la interpretación de hallazgos significativos, proporcionando una medida de fuerza para un resultado. El Índice de Fragilidad representa el número de eventos consecutivos que es necesario añadir a un resultado dicotómico para que el hallazgo deje de ser significativo. Un número pequeño representa un hallazgo más débil y un número grande un hallazgo más fuerte.
¿Por qué se necesitaba ahora este estudio?
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by a substantial decrease in bone density, leading to an increased risk in fracture. The most severe are fractures at the hip and lumbar spine. Bisphosphonate therapy has been researched quite extensively in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, there are limited reviews comparing the efficacy of different bisphosphonates, particularly alendronate and zoledronate.
¿Cuál era la pregunta principal de la investigación?
Is there a difference in the efficacy and safety between alendronate and zoledronate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis?
¿Cuáles fueron los hallazgos importantes?
- 17 studies were identified for the meta-analysis. The doses studied in the intervention groups were 5 and 10 mg orally per day for alendronate (in one of the studies included in the revision the dose was 5, 10 or 20 mg) and 5mg intravenously per year for zoledronate
- Pooled hip fracture incidence compared to placebo was calculated to be 0.61 (95%CI 0.40, 0.93; p=0.02) for alendronate and 0.62 (95%CI 0.46, 0.82; p=0.001) for zoledronate, resulting in risk ratio reductions of 39% and 38%, respectively.
- For vertebral fractures, the risk ratio compared to placebo was 0.54 (95%CI 0.44, 0.66; p<0.00001) for alendronate and 0.38 (95%CI 0.22, 0.67; p<0.001) for zoledronate. Risk reduction was 46% and 62% for alendronate and zoledronate, respectively.
- Only studies which evaluated alendronate provided data on wrist fractures. The pooled risk ratio compared to placebo was 0.65 (95%CI 0.33, 1.25; p=0.19), which was not statistically significant. Heterogeneity in the analysis was assessed to be substantial (Q-test p=0.002, I-squared = 76%).
- Treatment with alendronate was associated with significant increases in bone mineral density compared to placebo when analyzed at the total hip (SMD 1.16 (95%CI 0.90, 1.42)), the femoral neck (SMD 0.97 (95%CI 0.80, 1.15)) and the lumbar spine (SMD 1.58 (95%CI 1.19, 1.96)) (all p<0.00001). Heterogeneity in each analysis was high (I-squared = 62%, 62% and 91%, respectively). Analysis with zoledronate was not possible due to inconsistent or incomplete data reporting.
- Pooling of the rates of discontinuation due to adverse effects resulted in risk ratios of 0.97 (95%CI 0.85, 1.10) for alendronate versus placebo and 1.15 (95%CI 0.88, 1.52) for zoledronate versus placebo. Neither analysis indicated a significant effect (p=0.61 and 0.35, respectively)
¿Qué es lo que más debo recordar?
Both alendronate and zoledronate were associated with significant risk reductions compared to placebo treatment concerning hip and vertebral fractures in osteopenic and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Alendronate also demonstrated significant increases in bone mineral density. Studies which investigated zoledronate did not provide data on bone mineral density.
¿Cómo afectará esto al cuidado de mis pacientes?
This indirect comparison of alendronate and zoledronic acid suggest both are effective in reducing osteoporosis-related hip and vertebral fractures. Considering the lack of data for the effects of zoledronate on bone mineral density, future trials are needed to address this comparison. Furthermore, there has yet to be a head-to-head comparison of alendronate and zoledronate. Until these two have been directly compared to one another, comments on either treatment's efficacy in comparison to the other should be withheld.
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