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Autologous blood product injection no more effective than placebo saline for Achilles tendinopathy

Arthroscopy. 2018 Jun;34(6):1966-1975

Meta-analysis Foot & Ankle Athletes Lower Extremity Muscle Achilles Tendinopathy Autologous Blood Placebo Injection Placebo Saline Platelet-Rich Plasma - Hide

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ISAKOS2017: Efficacy of IA steroid injection in the treatment of frozen shoulder

Meta-analysis Shoulder & Elbow Upper Extremity Shoulder Steroid Injection IA Sham Injection - Hide

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Reduced pain and disability over 26 weeks in patients treated with IA hyaluronan vs. sham

Clin Ther. 1998 May-Jun;20(3):410-23

RCT Osteoarthritis Lower Extremity Knee Arthritis Pain Biomatrix Hylan Hyaluronan Injections HA Saline - Hide

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Efficacy of vertebroplasty vs sham for acute vertebral fracture in patients over 60

Lancet. 2016 Oct 1;388(10052):1408-1416

RCT Spine Osteoporosis Joint Vertebral Fracture CareFusion Lidocaine Fentanyl Intravenous Midazolam Sham Vertebroplasty - Hide

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Sham-SMT is a believable sham comparator for studying effects of SMT in shoulder pain

Man Ther. 2013 Feb;18(1):60-4. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2012.07.003. Epub 2012 Aug 9

RCT Shoulder & Elbow Axial Skeleton Spine Spine Thoracic Upper Extremity Shoulder Pain Manual Therapy Sham-SMT - Hide

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Interferential current therapy in addition to standard of care for subacromial impingement syndrome

Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2018 Jun;54(3):351-357

RCT Physical Therapy & Rehab Upper Extremity Shoulder Bone Subacromial Impingement Syndrome Interferential Current Therapy Sham - Hide

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AAOS2018: No difference between prolotherapy and sham saline in Osgood-Schlatter treatment

RCT Pediatric Orthopaedics Adolescent Lower Extremity Knee Lidocaine Prolotherapy Saline Sham Ultrasound-Guided - Hide

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Epidural steroid injection versus gabapentin for relief from lumbosacral radicular pain

BMJ. 2015 Apr 16;350:h1748

RCT Spine Discs Hernia Stenosis Axial Skeleton Back Pain Spinal Stenosis Gabapentin Epidural Steroid Injection Placebo Sham Injection Transforaminal - Hide

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Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy & sham surgery similar for degenerative meniscal tear

N Engl J Med. 2013 Dec 26;369(26):2515-24. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1305189

RCT Sports Medicine Joint Meniscus Tear Tears Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy Sham Surgery - Hide

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Caudal epidural steroid injection for lumbar radiculopathy shows no significant effect

BMJ. 2011 Sep 13;343:d5278. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d5278

RCT Spine Lumbar Pain Radiculopathy Triamcinolone Caudal Epidural Injections Epidural Steroid Injection Saline Subcutaneous Sham Injections - Hide

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AAOS 2016: Femoral nerve block vs. periarticular injection in total knee arthroplasty

RCT Arthroplasty Nerve Lower Extremity Knee Bone Femur Ropivacaine Epinephrine Morphine Ketorolac Analgesia CFNB Femoral Nerve Block Catheter Periarticular Injection - Hide

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Sham thoracic SMT plausible as a comparator in studies with shoulder pain patients

Man Ther. 2015 Feb;20(1):171-5.

RCT Spine Axial Skeleton Thoracic Upper Extremity Shoulder Bone Subacromial Pain Impingement Syndrome Sham SMT - Hide

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Network meta-analysis evaluating injection treatments for plantar fasciopathy

Br J Sports Med. 2016 Nov;50(22):1367-1375. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095437. Epub 2016 May 3.

Meta-analysis Foot & Ankle Lower Extremity Muscle Plantar Fascia Plantar Fasciitis Injection Information Injectable - Hide

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Electrical stimulation for bone healing reduced pain and risk of nonunion vs. sham control

Sci Rep. 2016 Aug 19;6:31724. doi: 10.1038/srep31724.

Meta-analysis General Orthopaedics Axial Skeleton Spine Delayed Union Fracture Nonunion Pain Control Delayed Electrical Stimulation Fusion Osteotomy Sham Stimulation - Hide

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Efficacy of combined paraspinous lidocaine injection & analgesia+exercise for chronic LBP

J Pain. 2016 May;17(5):569-76

RCT Spine Low Back Back Pain Exercise Lidocaine Injection - Hide

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IA injection of US-approved viscosupplements safe and effective at 26 weeks in knee OA

J Pain Res. 2015 May 7;8:217-28

Meta-analysis Osteoarthritis Lower Extremity Knee Arthritis Synvisc Orthovisc Control IA Injection IAHA Medical Saline Injection Sham - Hide

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AAOS 2016: Electrical stimulation effective for pain & nonunion vs. sham

Meta-analysis Trauma Axial Skeleton Spine Delayed Union Fracture Nonunion Pain Delayed Electrical Stimulation Osteotomy Reduction Sham Spinal Fusion - Hide

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Neurodynamic technique proves no better than sham treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009 Oct;39(10):709-23. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2009.3117.

RCT Physical Therapy & Rehab Women Bone Carpal Syndrome Anatomical Sham - Hide

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AAOS 2016: Ketorolac and corticosteroid injection comparable for pain decrease in knee OA

RCT Osteoarthritis Lower Extremity Knee Arthritis Pain Corticosteroid Injection Therapy Ketorolac Injection Therapy - Hide

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Decompression of no statistical benefit over sham, and no clinical benefit over exercise for SIS

BMJ. 2018 Jul 19;362:k2860. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2860

RCT Shoulder & Elbow Upper Extremity Shoulder Bone Subacromial Impingement Syndrome Arthroscopic Sham Subacromial Decompression - Hide

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Autologous blood product injection no more effective than placebo saline for Achilles tendinopathy

ISAKOS2017: Efficacy of IA steroid injection in the treatment of frozen shoulder

Reduced pain and disability over 26 weeks in patients treated with IA hyaluronan vs. sham

Efficacy of vertebroplasty vs sham for acute vertebral fracture in patients over 60

Sham-SMT is a believable sham comparator for studying effects of SMT in shoulder pain

Interferential current therapy in addition to standard of care for subacromial impingement syndrome

AAOS2018: No difference between prolotherapy and sham saline in Osgood-Schlatter treatment

Epidural steroid injection versus gabapentin for relief from lumbosacral radicular pain

Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy & sham surgery similar for degenerative meniscal tear

Caudal epidural steroid injection for lumbar radiculopathy shows no significant effect

AAOS 2016: Femoral nerve block vs. periarticular injection in total knee arthroplasty

Sham thoracic SMT plausible as a comparator in studies with shoulder pain patients

Network meta-analysis evaluating injection treatments for plantar fasciopathy

Electrical stimulation for bone healing reduced pain and risk of nonunion vs. sham control

Efficacy of combined paraspinous lidocaine injection & analgesia+exercise for chronic LBP

IA injection of US-approved viscosupplements safe and effective at 26 weeks in knee OA

AAOS 2016: Electrical stimulation effective for pain & nonunion vs. sham

Neurodynamic technique proves no better than sham treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

AAOS 2016: Ketorolac and corticosteroid injection comparable for pain decrease in knee OA

Decompression of no statistical benefit over sham, and no clinical benefit over exercise for SIS

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