OTA 2015: LIPUS demonstrates no effect on function or time-to-union after tibial fracture

LIPUS improves clinical and radiological outcomes vs sham for complex tibial fractures

Ultrasound Med Biol. 2004 Mar;30(3):389-95.

Addition of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound to callus distraction beneficial to patients

J Trauma. 2011 Nov;71(5):1376-80. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31821912b2

AAOS 2016: LIPUS does not expedite bone healing in acute tibial shaft fractures

Systematic review of the application of LIPUS and PEMF in tibial fracture management

J Athl Train. 2007 Oct-Dec;42(4):530-5

Feasibility of a definitive RCT on LIPUS treatment of tibial fractures

Trials. 2014 Jun 4;15(1):206

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound elicits faster bone healing after forearm osteotomy

J Hand Surg Am. 2013 Mar;38(3):498-503. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.11.032. Epub 2013 Feb 1

AAOS: Definitive trial on impact of ultrasound in treatment of tibial fractures feasible

LIPUS not associated with benefit in post-fracture/osteotomy function or pain

BMJ. 2017 Feb 22;356:j656

LIPUS does not expedite union or functional recovery following tibial fracture fixation

BMJ. 2016 Oct 25;355

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound not cost-effective following IM nailing of fresh tibial fracture

Bone Joint J. 2017 Nov;99-B(11):1526-1532

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound may not be clinically beneficial for clavicle fractures

Injury. 2008 Dec;39(12):1444-52. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2008.04.004. Epub 2008 Jul 25.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasonography versus electrical stimulation for fracture healing

Can J Surg. 2014 Jun;57(3):E105-E118

The effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on fracture healing

CMAJ. 2002 Feb 19;166(4):437-41

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound improves bone healing in delayed unions of the tibia

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Oct 8;11:229. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-229.

Reduced time to radiographic union with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound vs. placebo

Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2012 Feb;41(2):E12-9

COA: Preliminary results suggest functional gain after ultrasound for tibial fractures

The effect of pulsed/low-intensity bone growth stimulation in acute fractures

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014 Aug;134(8):1093-106

Outcomes of distraction osteogenesis unaltered by low intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy

J Orthop Surg Res. 2018 Aug 17;13(1):205. doi: 10.1186/s13018-018-0907-x

Variable evidence & efficacy of low intensity pulsed ultrasonography for fracture healing

BMJ. 2009 Feb 27;338:b351