IV and/or IA TXA effective in navigated TKA, but combined IV-IA TXA not more effective

J Arthroplasty. 2017 Jan;32(1):37-42

COA2017: IA TXA and IV TXA demonstrate similar results for blood loss in total hip arthroplasty

Lower blood loss with IV+IA TXA versus IV TXA alone following total knee arthroplasty

J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016 May 18;98(10):835-41

Similar effect of intra-articular vs IV TXA on Hb drop, LoS, and transfusion following TKA

J Arthroplasty. 2017 Jan;32(1):28-32

AAOS2018: IV TXA reduced blood loss in total shoulder arthroplasty

IV tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and transfusion rate in primary THA

Orthopedics. 2016 Sep 1;39(5):e883-92

Efficacy of various tranexamic acid administration techniques to reduce blood loss in TKA

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014 Dec;22(12):3181-90.

AAOS: Tranexamic acid equally effective when administered topically & intravenously in TKA

Equivalent blood conservation with intra-articular and intravenous TXA in TKA

J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014 Dec 3;96(23):1937-44

IV & topical TXA similarly safe & effective for reducing blood loss and transfusion in TKA

J Orthop. 2016 Mar 26;13(3):127-31

Reduced blood loss during early postoperative period after TKA with IV tranexamic acid

Knee. 2006 Mar;13(2):106-10. Epub 2006 Feb 17

Combined IV-topical TXA versus IV TXA alone in patients undergoing revision THA

J Arthroplasty. 2016 Nov;31(11):2548-2553

IV tranexamic acid reduces postoperative autologous blood retransfusion in THA and TKA

Transfusion. 2014 Jan;54(1):31-41. doi: 10.1111/trf.12224.

AAOS 2015: No difference between intra-articular & intravenous TXA administration in TKA

Combined IV & topical TXA reduces blood loss and transfusion rate in THA

J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016 Jun 15;98(12):983-91

AAOS 2016: IV+IA TXA significantly reduces blood loss compared to IV TXA alone in TKA

AAOS 2016: Intravenous and topical TXA yield similar efficacy and safety in THA

IV and topical tranexamic acid protocols reduce blood loss and transfusion needs in THA

J Arthroplasty. 2018 Oct;33(10):3083-3089.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.06.023

Intravenous and topical tranexamic acid have similar efficacy in TKA

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2015 Apr;135(4):573-88.

AAOS 2015: Combined IV and local TXA administration efficacious in TKA