TKA: Interval clamping drain provides greater bleeding control than non-clamping methods

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012 Jul;132(7):1059-63. doi: 10.1007/s00402-012-1501-z. Epub 2012 Mar 13

TKA: Drain-clamping with tranexamic acid decreased drained blood volume/ transfusions

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012 Jul 20;13:124. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-124

Reduced blood loss during TKA with drain clamping and injection of saline with adrenaline

J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006 Jan;88(1):49-53

No advantage shown for drainage-clamping methods following TKA

J Arthroplasty. 2010 Dec;25(8):1240-5

Four-hour postoperative drain clamping does not reduce blood loss following TKA

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013 Dec;21(12):2831-6. doi: 10.1007/s00167-012-2253-6. Epub 2012 Oct 23

TKA: Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss without increasing risk of DVT

J Arthroplasty. 2012 Jan;27(1):105-8. Epub 2011 Mar 23

Local Injection of Tranexamic Acid vs Drain Clamping in Total Knee Arthroplasty

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 01-Feb;():. 10.1186/s12891-022-05058-6

Decreased hemarthrosis and pain with TXA + drain vs drain alone post ACLR

Am J Sports Med. 2015 Nov;43(11):2720-6.

Clamping drainage reduces blood loss and transfusions after TKA

Int Orthop. 2009 Oct;33(5):1275-8. Epub 2008 Oct 17.

Intravenous, intraarticular irrigation, and drain administration of TXA in TKA

J Arthroplasty. 2014 Aug;29(8):1521-4

AAOS 2015: Surgical drain does not benefit patients undergoing revision TKA

Use of wound drain after unilateral total knee arthroplasty

The Journal of Arthroplasty Vol. 26 No. 4 2011

Benefits seen with no drains used in total hip arthroplasty

Acta Orthop Belg. 2010 Oct;76(5):619-27

No surgical or clinical efficacy of a deep IA suction drain for revision TKA procedures

J Arthroplasty. 2016 Jul;31(7):1544-8

Autotransfusion drain reduces blood transfusion compared to closed suction drain in THA

Sci Rep. 2016 Jul 1;6:27461

Low- and high-dose TXA effective in reducing blood loss and transfusion needs in TKA

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013 Dec 5;14:340. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-340

Reduced morphine consumption 6hr post-TKA, no 1yr function difference with vs. without suction drain

Clin Orthop Surg. 2019 Mar;11(1):73-81.

Retransfusion drain does not provide additional benefits during TKA

Knee. 2012 Jun;19(3):190-2. Epub 2011 Mar 25

No difference in outcome noted with closed suction drain in shoulder arthroplasty

J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019 Feb;28(2):205-211

Comparable clinical outcomes with or without the use of drain for TKR surgery

J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2010 Jan;92(1):51-5.