No effect of transcranial direct current stimulation seen on non-specific chronic LBP

BMJ. 2015 Apr 16;350:h1640

Addition of transcranial direct current stimulation to exercise beneficial over sham for chronic LBP

Clin Rehabil. 2018 Oct;32(10):1348-1356. doi: 10.1177/0269215518777881

Comparable spinal fusion rates between three different electrical stimulation techniques

Spine J. 2013 Oct;13(10):1238-43

Variable results of electrical stimulation following spinal fusion

Evid Based Spine Care J. 2014 Oct;5(2):87-94

Efficacy of electromagnetic stimulation in long bone fracture healing remains inconclusive

J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Nov;90(11):2322-30

Use of electrical stimulation intervention for bone and soft-tissue conditions

Bioelectromagnetics. 2002 Feb;23(2):132-43

Effect of electrical stimulation on fusion rate in spinal fusion surgery

Bioelectromagnetics. 2002 Oct;23(7):496-504.

Electrical stimulation for bone healing reduced pain and risk of nonunion vs. sham control

Sci Rep. 2016 Aug 19;6:31724. doi: 10.1038/srep31724.

Knee OA: Pattern stimulation reduces pain and stiffness and improves function

Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008 Aug;16(8):865-72. Epub 2008 Feb 8

Pulsed electrical stimulation provides no benefit for management of knee osteoarthritis

Arthritis Rheum. 2011 May;63(5):1333-42. doi: 10.1002/art.30258

Electrical stimulation yields high union rates for tibial shaft fractures

Injury. 2003 May;34(5):357-62.

OTA 2016: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation vs. TENS in post-pelvic fracture rehab

COA-ACO2018: Assessing effect of bone marrow stimulation on re-tear rate after rotator cuff repair

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy for rotator cuff tendinopathy

Physiotherapy. 2016 Mar;102(1):41-9.

DC electrical stimulation does not improve fusion mass bone quality

Euro Spine Journal; 2010; 19; 2200-2208

No difference in hip function or functional performance between DA and DL THA approaches after 2yrs

Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2019 Jan;477(1):145-155. doi: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000000439

Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on osteoarthritis of the knee

J Knee Surg. 2015 Aug;28(4):321-8

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Am J Sports Med June 2011 vol. 39 no. 6 1238-1247

The effect of pulsed/low-intensity bone growth stimulation in acute fractures

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014 Aug;134(8):1093-106

THA via direct anterior approach results in quicker ambulation without assistive devices

J Arthroplasty. 2014 Sep;29(9 Suppl):169-72