When clinicians and industry leaders read studies, the concern surrounding selective reporting of outcomes or the misrepresentation of data is usually not prioritized. There is a tendency to take the findings at face value. This presents problems, especially when examining systematic reviews and meta-analyses as readers are not directly exposed to the data and methods of each study and any issues with reporting or misrepresentation may not have been identified or made clear. In this OE Original Mini-Masters, we examine how outcomes can be selectively reported and how data can be misrepresented, while providing strategies on how to recognize both.